Bronchial Syndrome

  Damage to acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchial most common in large and medium bronchi, sometimes even in the trachea.

 

 If inflammation then quickly and soon ended after a few days, it is called acute

Bronchitis

Define

Damage to acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchial most common

in large and medium bronchi, sometimes even in the trachea. If inflammation then quickly and soon ended after a few days, it is called acute, if multiyear called chronic inflammation.

Acute bronchitis

Clinical:

Start: Usually symptoms occur when nasopharyngitis. The patient has a fever.

Full release: Ho is the main sign. The first is small bronchial secretion patients   cough, sputum then include mucus and pus, fever began to decline. Clinical examination: hear moans bronchitis, cough period saw cough moan, cough, sometimes scattered hissing moan sides lungs.

In case of localized inflammation, just to hear the moans of a region. To phase sputum, appear to moan moisture, particles do not have to.

Subclinical:

X-ray: No show specific symptoms.

Sputum: There are a lot of mucus, often loses leukemia, large cells of   bronchial ciliated, besides can find all kinds of bacteria.

Evolution: Usually few days lakhoi. There are even several weeks. But the prognosis depends on the underlying disease caused bronchitis.

Cause: Can be caused by infections or infections: Acute bronchitis uqan in influenza, measles, whooping cough. Sudden cold and wet as well as   the causative factor. Some people are allergic inflammation, people in the industry that many cases of acute bronchitis caused by inhalation of chemicals, such as chlorine.

Pathogenesis: In acute bronchitis is always edema and exudates   much in the bronchial mucosa. The cause of this phenomenon may be in place or   Body   by infection, or bacterial infection, but only kind of nervous and secretion in bronchial expression.

Chronic Bronchitis

Definition. If the patient is coughing for at least two years, and each year   at least three months, may be regarded as chronic bronchitis.

Cause: There are no specific cause, any of which could cause   the acute bronchitis repeated, can cause chronic inflammation: a chronic lung disease is a cause of chronic bronchitis. It is often found in:

Nose and throat infections Chronic sinusitis is present, pharyngitis, almond online.

Chronic Lung Disease: Pulmonary tuberculosis, silicosis. Bronchial asthma is both favorable of chronic bronchitis.

Especially for older people, the first symptoms of functional lung cancer sometimes appear in the form of chronic bronchitis. For children cough, prolonged may be due to enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum (primary TB infection, foreign body in the bronchus).

Pathology: There are two possibilities.

Enlargement of the bronchial mucosa due to edema   prolonged discharge.

Mucosal atrophy.

Sometimes there is inflammation around the bronchi. When the process was prolonged inflammation, bronchial loss of elastomers, rigid.

Pathophysiology: Due to discharge more prolonged and   lost due to bronchial elastic properties, ventilation km away, gradually appear respiratory failure.

Clinical: The cough more when the weather changes, usually in the morning, or when labor   much. Cough may be less or more sputum. In addition to acute attacks due to multiple infections, no fever, the disease is still working normally, apart from cough, clinical examination did not see anything special.

Subclinical:

X-ray: It can be seen from the navel deep lung congestion. Also do not show symptoms of the disease specificity.

Exploration of respiratory function: In the phase of respiratory complications, pathology can change.

But it is not practical diagnostic tool is beneficial for the treatment of uncomplicated stop chronic bronchitis.

Progress:

Good: If curable causes, eg excision repair sinus gland almond face, quit, cold resistant.

Bad: inflammatory lesions alter the anatomy and physiology of respiratory, cardiac failure should gradually

Asthma

Define

Gusts paroxysmal dyspnea due to sudden contraction of bronchial whole.

Pathogenesis

Due to the imbalance between X and sympathetic strings, wires bronchial spasms and edema, exudates much in the bronchial mucosa.

Cause

Allergies, endocrine disorders, such as sinusitis, inflammation localized inflammation happy face
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Clinical

There are 3 stages can typically:

Stage: Gusts often   occur at night. The patient was lying there feeling   lack of air, to sit up, opened the door to open. Cough less and dry cough, shortness of breath until then attack quickly, with the following special properties:

Shortness of breath more, the patient must   sitting in front of his hands.

Shortness of breath is mainly. Standing outside heard   sigh slow and powerful sound the same as pulling the saw, most notably when exhaling. Clinical examination hiss and moan moan hear snoring, mainly moaning hiss.

Phase out more: About last bout of breath, coughing, coughing up phlegm in.

Period ending: After coughing, asthma finish.

Subclinical

X-ray: It can be seen from spreading lighter lung alveolar level. But not necessarily to diagnose lung scan is asthma.

Sputum: There are many mucus, eosinophils and crystal Sacco Layden (Charcot Leyden).

Evolution

Chronic disease, patients sometimes asthma attack, when the weather changes or contact with the allergen. Also episodes, the patient completely healthy. The hen may live long. However, the need to prevent multiple   lung infections   and avoid stimuli that can cause asthma. Asthma themselves at risk, but the multiple infections or complications from treatment   properly can cause adverse consequences   bronchitis, chronic asthma in humans, can lead to respiratory failure, right heart failure.

Bronchiectasis be typical

Define

Chronic disease congenital or acquired, including small and medium bronchi widening out often threatening multiple infections.

Cause

Congenital: There constitute defects in the bronchi, possibly accompanied by alveolar atrophy, or other malformations, polycystic pancreas, visceral Island, meat in the nose, sinusitis ready.

Acquired: After an abscess of the lungs, tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, bronchial foreign bodies in.

Surgery patients

Can stretch the entire   or confined to one lobe of the lung. Bronchial mucosal hypertrophy or atrophy of Bangladesh. Body, the   and elastic fibers were   destroyed.

Symptom

Patients started slowly, as was clear that some types of symptoms:

Cough: Cough attacks, many of the early morning. Productive cough.

As of slime: Sputum lot, maybe to 400-500ml a day. The smell like wet plaster, beaker, Dom deposited into   three layers.

The bottom of the cup: thick latex.

In the middle: The quality of the mucous bronchial glands.

Top: Foam and mucus and pus.

View micro- not see chun, a component of alveolar walls common in the sputum of an abscess of the lung.

Clinical examination: It can be seen moan bronchitis or Assembly   Freezes common stock at the bottom of the lungs. The moan   changes according to the situation more or less bronchial mucus.

X-ray: Shoot straight, no preparation: navel to   dark, dark blur visible under   workers in the corner image size   raging heart. Clearly looked to the right, in addition to see   multiple watermarks and circles scattered light sides of the lungs.

Take bronchial lipiodol injection: help diagnose the location and type of decision bronchiectasis. It can be seen tubular space; shaped bag charm; Straighten rosary.

Bronchoscopy: View location for relaxing and mucosal bronchial condition.

Evolution

Patients with chronic, episodic progression when multiple infections, infectious complications can cause an abscess of the lungs, pneumonia   and may lead to   respiratory failure, right heart failure.

Bronchial obstruction syndrome

Cause

Bronchial compression from outside: tracheobronchial lymph node big, big heart (pericardial emphysema service) ...

Screws from inside the bronchi: Benign or Malignant tumors, foreign bodies, chronic inflammation causes contractures (TB) or   subacute (diphtheria, pseudomembranous students).

Secretion was increased stasis: Coughing up blood, bronchial blood clot was sealed. Bronchopulmonary inflammation.

Symptom

Clinical: Case shows:

Ho dyspnea: English as wheezing   in asthma, difficulty   in both the respiratory breathing. Observed: patients   the purple face, sweating, heaving with nose and throat muscles pull on the breast, under the xiphoid, intercostal muscles.

Listen: If the switch completely, an area on the chest without whispering alveoli.

Not completely rule: It hisses like the wind through the door compliment. Sometimes heard rhythmic beats (under breath) of the object to be moved when breathing.

X-ray:

We can see pictures collapse   lung in principle completely. Lung collapse very easily   infection, abscess of chemical equipment.

If not completely rule, the air in but not out, the state will have localized cystic bronchiectasis.