The respiratory disease - the concern of the whole society

The lungs are organs perform gas exchange function. In addition to providing the necessary oxygen to every cell of the body, helps the lungs of carbon dioxide emissions. However, the air enters the body also can carry pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, smoke, dust and other harmful substances ...

The common respiratory disease

The common respiratory diseases including acute bronchitis, pneumonia caused by bacteria, viruses; bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pleural effusion, pulmonary tuberculosis. These diseases account for approximately 80% of the respiratory disease, besides, many other respiratory diseases, however, only account for a smaller proportion, such as bronchiectasis, interstitial pneumonia, silicosis, the expression lung disease in the system, endocrine, musculoskeletal, renal ...

Taking care of respiratory infections.

Acute bronchitis is a very common disease in Vietnam, almost anyone also have one or more times by acute bronchitis, a common disease in children under 3 years of age or older, those with nasal sinus or lung defects ...

Pneumonia in the community is one of the respiratory infection is very common, every year in the United States have 2-3 million patients hospitalized with pneumonia, respiratory Science at Bach Mai Hospital, approximately 12% of patients hospitalized for pneumonia. Most patients with pneumonia were cured, some patients may progress to lung abscess or empyema, a few patients may progress to respiratory distress syndrome, acute sepsis and death. A growing number of viruses capable of causing respiratory tract infections, such as the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus ... pneumonia virus can spread like a pandemic virus SARS pneumonia, influenza A H1N1 virus ...

Due to environmental pollution is increasing, therefore, respiratory disease is increasingly common. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (1990) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as the cause of death ranked 5th with 2.2 million deaths. As of 1997, about 300 million people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the leading cause of death and ranks 4. WHO estimated that the number of patients will increase 3-4 times this decade, causing 2 9 million people die each year and 2020 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the leading cause of death would rank 3. In our country, according to the study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease recently showed that the rate disease varies by region, generally around 2 to 5.7%. The statistics on the proportion of patients treated at the hospital showed that, out of 4 patients hospitalized in the department of pulmonary disease 1 patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Asthma is a serious disease affecting all age groups worldwide. The disease severely affects their daily lives when the condition is not controlled. Patients may appear severe outbreaks can cause death at any time when exposed to allergens, even when the disease was completely under control. The world has about 300 million people with asthma management, and approximately 250,000 deaths per year due to asthma. The incidence of asthma is estimated at 6-8% in adults and 10-12% in children under 15 years of age. In Vietnam, the study showed that the prevalence of asthma ranged from 1.1% at the highest Dalat to 5.5% in some area residents Hanoi.

Lung cancer is cancer the leading cause of death in most countries around the world. South disease than females (ratio of 5 males / 1 female), besides, most of the patients with lung cancer was detected in late stages, not only for surgery (60-80%), due to Thus, the time from when detected until death short, 5-year survival rate after just under 15%.

Tuberculosis is now higher incidence in many countries around the world as well as in Vietnam. Tuberculosis can cause lesions varied from respiratory tuberculosis larynx down tracheobronchial, pulmonary parenchyma, pleura. The risk of TB bacteria resistant and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis on a lot. This is a public health issue needs more attention.

Symptom

Most respiratory disease manifestations are cough, sputum, chest pain or shortness of breath, depending on the specific disease, but the symptoms can have the expression, different movements, for example, disease Human acute bronchitis, pneumonia often have symptoms of acute changes in a short time, with symptoms such as fever, cough, purulent sputum ... Asthma common in young people, symptoms cough, dyspnea often occur when patients exposed to allergens or weather changes in dyspnea attacks often heard the old engines, however, beyond the disease's completely normal. The bronchiectasis patients often have a cough, shortness of breath occurs many years, however, patients often have a cough, sputum more, there may be intermittent coughing blood ...

Besides the symptoms of respiratory disease in many patients with respiratory disease have systemic manifestations such as fever, weight loss; expression in organs, body parts, then newly discovered respiratory diseases, such as lung cancer patients may be the initial presentation is bone pain, joints, swollen fingers, or sometimes patient sees as headache, hemiplegia ...

Tobacco - respiratory pathogens.

Treatment and prevention

The respiratory therapy is indicated for each specific disease.

Avoid exposure to risk factors to be considered a priority in the treatment of many respiratory diseases, especially diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These risk factors should be avoided include: tobacco smoke, pipe tobacco, smoke kitchen (especially coal stove smoke), dust, avoid the pungent odor, the food had allergies ... not a dog, cats, birds and other animals, the environment should always be kept in a dry, clean and airy.

The respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria need to be administered antibiotic, the antibiotic choice regardless of model bacteria in each local school, one particular hospital, besides that need attention to drug resistant strains of bacteria in the area, avoid using antibiotics is widespread easily increase drug resistance.

Bronchodilators and corticosteroids are often used in the treatment of respiratory diseases bronchospasm as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchiectasis with obstructive airway disorders ... The types of drugs can include nasal sprays, inhalers, aerosols, pellets drink, intravenous infusion.

Although most patients with respiratory disease are cough, however, the use of cough medicine so as not to be recommended for all patients, because they are considered beneficial reaction of the body, help put the waste (phlegm) in the airways and dirt out. Cough suppressant therefore only be used for the case of dry cough, cough patients do very tired or uncomfortable, or increase the risk of cough cough blood.

Avoid exposure to risk factors to be considered a priority in the treatment of many respiratory diseases, especially diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These risk factors should be avoided include: tobacco smoke, pipe tobacco, smoke kitchen (especially coal stove smoke), dust, avoid the pungent odor, the food had allergies ... not a dog, cats, birds and other animals, the environment should always be kept in a dry, clean and airy.

Flap chest vibration, drainage positions are special attention to the case of patients with bronchiectasis, inhalation pneumonia or lung abscess ... The patient should be placed in a position such that the required drainage in highest position. In the case of diffuse lung injury should pat vibration in many different positions. The flapping vibration should be done regularly, 2-3 times a day, each lasting 15-20 minutes.

Influenza vaccination, pneumococcal room is generally recommended for all cases with chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchiectasis ..., the case of defective system immunity, making patients with respiratory infection recurs, repeatedly re ... The vaccine significantly reduced episodes of respiratory infection.

The general trend of respiratory diseases in the future

Due to environmental pollution continuously increased in recent times, the state tobacco, pipe tobacco has not decreased, the status of HIV / AIDS, the epidemic situation complicated by trading on worldwide with Vietnam, the situation respiratory disease will continue to increase in the coming years, requiring more attention from every people and the entire society.